【作者介绍】
李白(701年2月28日-762),字太白,号青莲居士,唐朝诗人,有“诗仙”之称,最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。汉族,出生于剑南道之绵州(巴西郡)昌隆县(712年更名为昌明县,今四川绵阳江油市青莲乡),一说生于西域碎叶城(今吉尔吉斯斯坦托克马克),祖籍陇西郡成纪县(今甘肃平凉市静宁县南)。其父李客,育二子(伯禽、天然)一女(平阳)。存世诗文千余篇,代表作有《蜀道难》、《行路难》、《梦游天姥吟留别》、《将进酒》等诗篇,有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝于安徽当涂,享年61岁。其墓在安徽当涂,四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
李白(lǐ bái),字太白,号青莲居士,又号“谪仙人”,中国唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人,李白的诗雄奇飘逸,艺术成就极高。他讴歌祖国山河与美丽的自然风光,想象丰富,激昂奔放,富有浪漫主义精神。被贺知章称为“诗仙”,其诗大多为描写山水和抒发内心的情感为主。诗风雄奇豪放。他与杜甫并称为“李杜”,(李商隐与杜牧并称为“小李杜”)。
李白于武后长安元年(701年)出生在剑南道之绵州(巴西郡)所属昌隆县(712年更名为昌明县,今四川省绵阳市所属江油市青莲乡)。另一种说法是其父从中原被贬至西域的碎叶城(今吉尔吉斯斯坦的托克马克市)所生,4岁再迁回剑南道绵州昌隆县(今四川省江油市)。其父李客,生平事迹不详。
李白出生于盛唐时期,他的一生,绝大部分都在漫游中度过,游历了大半个中国。
二十岁时只身出蜀,开始了广泛漫游,南到洞庭湘江,东至吴、越,寓居在安陆(今湖北省安陆市)、应山(今湖北省广水市)。
他到处游历,希望结交朋友,拜谒社会名流,从而得到引荐,一举登上高位,去实现政治理想和抱负。可是,十年漫游,却一事无成。他又继续北上太原、长安(今陕西省西安市),东到齐、鲁各地,并寓居山东任城(今山东省济宁市)。
这时他已结交了不少名流,创作了大量优秀诗篇。李白不愿应试做官,希望依靠自身才华,通过他人举荐走向仕途,但一直未得人赏识。他曾给当朝名士韩荆州写过一篇《与韩荆州书》,以此自荐,但未得回复。
直到天宝元年(742年),因道士吴筠的推荐,李白被召至长安,供奉翰林,文章风采,名震天下 。李白初因才气为唐玄宗所赏识,后因不能见容于权贵,在京仅三年,就弃官而去,仍然继续他那飘荡四方的流浪生活。
安史之乱发生的第二年(756年),他感愤时艰,曾参加了永王李璘的幕府。不幸,永王与肃宗发生了争夺帝位的斗争,兵败之后,李白受牵累,流放夜郎(今贵州境内),途中遇赦写下《早发白帝城》。晚年漂泊东南一带,投奔族叔当涂县令李阳冰,不久即病逝。
历代文人对李白的诗歌成就作出了很高的评价。李白生前就有诗名。贺知章一见就称他“谪仙人”。杜甫对其诗歌有“笔落惊风雨,诗成泣鬼神”(《寄李十二白二十韵》)之评,赞其“白也诗无敌,飘然思不群;清新庾开府,俊逸鲍参军”。魏颢在《李翰林集序》中说:“白与古人争长,三字九言,鬼出神入。”许多文人都对李白有着很高的评价。韩愈云:“李杜文章在,光焰万丈长。”(《调张籍》)。唐朝文宗御封李白的诗歌、裴旻的剑舞、张旭的草书为“三绝”。 到元白时期,开始扬杜抑李。白居易说:"又诗之豪者,世称李杜之作。才矣奇矣,人不逮矣" 杜甫曾对李白有过这样的评价“李白一斗诗百篇, 长安市上酒家眠,天子呼来不上船,自称臣是酒中仙”。
【英汉对照】
蜀道难
李白
噫吁戏, 危乎高哉!
蜀道之难难于上青天!
蚕丛及鱼凫, 开国何茫然。
尔来四万八千岁, 始与秦塞通人烟。
西当太白有鸟道, 可以横绝峨眉巅。
地崩山摧壮士死, 然后天梯石栈方钩连。
上有六龙回日之高标, 下有冲波逆折之回川。
黄鹤之飞尚不得, 猿猱欲度愁攀援。
青泥何盘盘, 百步九折萦岩峦,
扪参历井仰胁息, 以手抚膺坐长叹。
问君西游何时还? 畏途巉岩不可攀。
但见悲鸟号古木, 雄飞雌从绕林间;
又闻子规啼, 夜月愁空山。
蜀道之难难于上青天!
使人听此凋朱颜。
连峰去天不盈尺, 枯松倒挂倚绝壁。
飞湍瀑流争喧豗, 砯崖转石万壑雷。
其险也如此! 嗟尔远道之人,
胡为乎来哉? 剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬,
一夫当关, 万夫莫开;
所守或匪亲, 化为狼与豺,
朝避猛虎, 夕避长蛇,
磨牙吮血, 杀人如麻。
锦城虽云乐, 不如早还家。
蜀道之难难于上青天, 侧身西望常咨嗟。
HARD ROADS IN SHU
Li Bai
Oh, but it is high and very dangerous!
Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky.
...Until two rulers of this region
Pushed their way through in the misty ages,
Forty-eight thousand years had passed
With nobody arriving across the Qin border.
And the Great White Mountain, westward, still has only a bird's path
Up to the summit of Emei Peak --
Which was broken once by an earthquake and there were brave men lost,
Just finishing the stone rungs of their ladder toward heaven.
...High, as on a tall flag, six dragons drive the sun,
While the river, far below, lashes its twisted course.
Such height would be hard going for even a yellow crane,
So pity the poor monkeys who have only paws to use.
The Mountain of Green Clay is formed of many circles-
Each hundred steps, we have to turn nine turns among its mound --
Panting, we brush Orion and pass the Well Star,
Then, holding our chests with our hands and sinking to the ground with a groan,
We wonder if this westward trail will never have an end.
The formidable path ahead grows darker, darker still,
With nothing heard but the call of birds hemmed in by the ancient forest,
Male birds smoothly wheeling, following the females;
And there come to us the melancholy voices of the cuckoos
Out on the empty mountain, under the lonely moon....
Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky.
Even to hear of it turns the cheek pale,
With the highest crag barely a foot below heaven.
Dry pines hang, head down, from the face of the cliffs,
And a thousand plunging cataracts outroar one another
And send through ten thousand valleys a thunder of spinning stones.
With all this danger upon danger,
Why do people come here who live at a safe distance?
...Though Dagger-Tower Pass be firm and grim,
And while one man guards it
Ten thousand cannot force it,
What if he be not loyal,
But a wolf toward his fellows?
...There are ravenous tigers to fear in the day
And venomous reptiles in the night
With their teeth and their fangs ready
To cut people down like hemp.
Though the City of Silk be delectable, I would rather turn home quickly.
Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky....
But I still face westward with a dreary moan.